Alfresco uses two kind of storage: file system and database.
Into the database you can find a database called 'alfresco' where there are stored: data structure to make alfresco run properly and all the metadata.
Into the file system you can find: the documents and the indexes for searching.
The documents are stored into the 'alf_data/contentstore' path with subpath '<year>/<month>/.../<minute>' (the date/time is the creation of the content).
Only at the end you can find the files with a 'bin' extension and a "strange name".
Files are all in clear but you should enquiry the database to know further details.
Now the information are updated.
As someone googling "where are alfresco files stored" issue 9 years later I would like to report that the forum link is dead. Anyone have a better answer?
Hey G - You've managed to stumble upon a link that was broken with the migration into Jive. I'll try to track it down and update the post, but I imagine the content itself is outdated. You'll do best with 's answer. Let us know if you need more help as you're checking out Alfresco.